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http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Diagnostic_Radiology/Musculoskeletal_Imag ...
There are two main reasons that bones receive radiotherapy: 1) an intentional delivery to bones to treat painful metastatic bone lesions or 2) their unavoidable inclusion into a radiation field which intends to treat an adjacent soft tissue neoplasm. In either case, the effects on the bone are varied and depend upon:
Dosage.
Quality of the x-ray beam.
Age of the patient.
Method of fractionation (fractionating treatment enables the physician to give the patient the necessary treatment dose while separating its delivery by a time interval in order to reduce toxic side effects to normal tissue).
Length of time of therapy.
Specific bone or bones involved.
Existence of trauma or infection at the site.
The main effects on the bone include: disruption of normal growth and maturation, scoliosis, osteonecrosis, and neoplasm formation.
Diagnostic Radiology/Musculoskeletal Imaging/Trauma/Radiation Changes to Bone
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http://www.szote.u-szeged.hu/Radiology/Anatomy/skeleton.htm
Botond K. Szabó
Csaba Bohata Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical University
Labelled Xray Images of the following normal views -
Head, Spinal Column
Skull (Lateral)
Skull (Anteroposterior)
Cervical Spine (Lateral)
Cervical Spine (Anteroposterior)
Upper Extremity, Shoulder Girdle
Shoulder Joint (Anteroposterior)
Elbow Joint (Anteroposterior)
Elbow Joint (Lateral)
Forearm (Anteroposterior)
Forearm (Lateral)
Wrist Joint (Posteroanterior)
Wrist Joint (Lateral)
Hand (Dorsovolar)
Hand (Oblique)
Hand (Carpal Tunnel)
Lower Extremity, Pelvis
Pelvis (Anteroposterior)
Hip Joint (Anteroposterior)
Hip Joint (Frog Lateral)
Patella (Distal-proximal)
Knee Joint (Anteroposterior)
Knee Joint (Lateral)
Lower Leg (Anteroposterior)
Lower Leg (Lateral)
Ankle Joint (Anteroposterior)
Ankle Joint (Lateral)
Foot (Dorso-plantar)
Foot (Oblique)
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http://www.radiologyeducation.com
RadiologyEducation.com is a digital library of authoritative radiology education resources that can be used by radiologists while working for radiology learning, teaching, and communicating. Specifically, RadiologyEducation.com can be used by radiologists at the point-of-care to seek answers to questions for the purpose of improving patients' care, outcomes, and lives.
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http://www.mikety.net/Answers/rsd.html
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy aka RSD, Sudek's Atrophy
Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD) affects extremities. It is also known as
Sudek's atrophy.
Hand-shoulder syndrome.
Etiology unknown but felt to be neural s/p
Trauma of any degree.
Myocardial infarction (usually left hand).
Post surgical.
Many others.
Clinically, one observes
Pain.
Skin findings including STS, hyperthesia, vasomotor changes.
Disability.
Radiographically, there is
Prominent periarticular osteopenia.
Preservation of joint space. (very important).
Increased uptake on bone scan.
Rarely, only a segment of an extremity is involved.
Prognosis is variable
Some cases last for years and may become irreversible.
DDx includes:
Disuse atrophy.
Various arthridities (erosions and/or loss of joint space should be present.)
Osteoporosis and syndromes associated with osteoporosis.
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http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Diagnostic_Radiology/Musculoskeletal_Imag ...
Definition
Synovitis
Acne -- commonly involving the face and upper back.
Pustulosis -- usually involving the palms of the hands and/or soles of the feet (palmo-plantar pustulosis).
Hyperostosis
Osteitis
SAPHO syndrome is thought to comprise a spectrum of disorders that share some clinical, radiologic and pathologic characteristics. An entity known as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) was first described in 1972. Subsequently in 1978 several cases of CRMO were associated with clinical findings of palmoplantar pustulosis. Since then, a number of associations between skin conditions and osteoarticular disorders have been reported with a variety of different names including sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis, pustulotic arthro-osteitis, and acne-associated spondyloarthropathy. SAPHO was coined in 1987 and basically represents a spectrum of inflammatory osteitis which may or may not be associated with dermatologic pathology.
Diagnostic Radiology/Musculoskeletal Imaging/Infection/SAPHO Syndrome
From Wikibooks, the open-content textbooks collection
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http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Diagnostic_Radiology/Musculoskeletal_Imag ...
Definition
Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disorder characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas in tissues without other known cause for granulomatous disease. The disease has a diversity of clinical manifestations, most commonly affecting the lungs, skin, lymph nodes, and eyes, but can involve any organ system, including the musculoskeletal system.
Diagnostic Radiology/Musculoskeletal Imaging/Joint Disorders/Sarcoidosis
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