Children's Bone and Spine Clinic Mumbai

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF SPINAL DEFORMITIES IN THE SKELETAL DYSPLASIAS What is skeletal dysplasia? The term skeletal dysplasia refers to a "bad formation" of the bones and joints. All the bones of the skeleton are affected: this differs from a skeletal dysostosis, in which a group of bones are affected while the remainder of the skeleton is normal. Patients with skeletal dysplasia are usually, though not always, of small stature. The small stature is disproportionate: the different parts of the skeleton are affected to differing degrees. For example, the trunk may be smaller than the limbs, and within the limbs, the bones of the forearm may be more deformed than the bones of the hands, which may be relatively spared. Skeletal dysplasia is a general term that includes many distinct syndromes. The most common non-lethal form is achondroplasia, while the most common potentially lethal form is osteogenesis imperfecta. These and the other principal types that characteristically affect the spine will be discussed below.

CTEV or Clubfoot Management at the Children's Hospital at Westmead Sydney, Australia (patient information)

Written for children. Includes diagnosis, signs, and treatments. Expert

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Patient Information Overview answering commonly asked questions Expert

Overview including description, diagnosis, and treatments Highly Reputable

Overview of causes and treatments. A spine with scoliosis has abnormal curves with a rotational deformity. This means that the spine turns on its axis like a corkscrew. Compare the more subtle curve of the normal spine to the severe curvature of the scoliotic spine Expert

Pediatrics: Scoliosis Definition Scoliosis means abnormal curvature of the spine. The curvature takes place in three dimensions. The normal spine is straight in the anterior-posterior direction, or when one looks at a person from front-back. The normal spine is curved in the lateral direction, or when one looks at a person from the side. There is a gentle kyphosis, or bending forward, of the thoracic spine, or the spine in the chest. There is a bending backward, or lordosis, of the lumbar spine, or the spine that is between the chest and the pelvis. In scoliosis, the normally straight spine in the front-back direction becomes S-shaped, and the normally curved spine in the side direction typically straightens out (Figure 1). In addition, the spine twists on its axis, pushing the ribs and flanks backward and forward to produce a prominence, or "hump" (Figure 2).

Overview of this painful heel condition Expert

Sever's disease or Calcaneal apophysitis is a condition that affects children between the ages of 10 and 13 years. It is characterized by pain in one or both heels with walking. Expert

The vision for a national coordinated approach to addressing issues related to sickle cell disease was unveiled in 1971 when representatives of 15 community sickle cell organizations met at "Wingspread," a Racine, Wisconsin conference center, as guest of the Johnson Foundation. Out of that meeting, the National Association for Sickle Cell Disease was created. The name was changed to Sickle Cell Disease Association of America, Inc. in 1994. Our mission, however, remains the same: "To Promote Finding a Universal Cure for Sickle Cell Disease while Improving the Quality of Life for Individuals and Families where Sickle Cell Related Conditions Exists." Highly Reputable

Overview with answers to commonly asked questions about this limping condition

Overview of this limping condition including causes, symptoms, and treatment

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