AONA posting of the AO Classification of Long Bone Fractures Highly Reputable

- articular cartilage injury and potential for repair;
- rotational forces in direct trauma is the most common cause of injury to the articular cartilage;
- in adults, the tidemark zone is the weak link between the overlying cartilage and subchondral bone and therefore shearing injuries most often produce a chondral injury rather than an osteochondral injury;
- in most cases injury is in wt bearing regions of articular cartilage, and usually in the medial compartment (4 times more common that lateral injuries);
Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

Reports from Medscape Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine 1999
Ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures
Fracture Healing in Tibia Fractures With an Associated Vascular Injury
The Treatment of Lisfranc Injuries
Open Fractures of the Patella: Long-term Functional Outcome

Turnover Flap: An alternative for defects in lower thigh and knee joint Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 37(1)

Proximal Tibia Fractures
In several recent publications, malalignment, delayed union and nonunion have been noted in fractures of the proximal one third of the tibia when these fractures have been treated with intermedullary nailing. In separate publications, Lang and associates[1] and Johnson and colleagues.[2] encountered multiple problems after intermedullary nailing of such fractures. These included many fractures with angulation of greater than 5º. Loss fixation occurred in 25% of patients, and there was greater than 1 cm of displacement in 59% of injuries treated. In one series, multiple adjuvant procedures were required to obtain union. Some have suggested modifications in the proximal tibial entry site to solve the problem of malalignment that occurs on insertion of the intermedullary rod. Lost in these discussions was the possibility of treating closed proximal third tibial fractures with nonoperative methods. One paper presented evaluated a series of patients that were first treated with a long leg cast, then converted to functional braces, and followed to union.
Medscape 2000

The proximal tibia section of the AO Surgery Reference. The whole surgical management described, including decision-making support, approaches, and surgical procedures. Highly Reputable

Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

Archive Copy 2004: University of Alabama Truama Protocols

Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

R.V.Trumper 2003 Orthopedic Technology Review