OWL Editor's Note Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women is associated with reduced risk of fracture and heart disease. However, it is also associated with increased risk of breast cancer. The advice given in this resource should be considered with this in mind. Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

Provides information on bone density and the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Cases with images are available. Post-test included.Sponsored by University of Washington.

Discussion: - most common metabolic bone dz; - definition: - what appears to be a characteristic of osteoporosis is an uncoupling of the osteoblastic and osteoclastic processes; - WHO definition: a bone mineral density that is 2.5 SD below the mean peak value in young adults of the same race and sex (T-score of -2.5); - Z score: bone mineral density compared with the mean value in normal subjects of the same age and sex; - Z-score of less than -1 indicates patient is in the lowest 25%, and a score of less than -2 indicates patient is in the lowest 2.5%; Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

Archive Copy AAOS On-Line Service - 1999 Annual Meeting Scientific Program. Osteoporosis and the Orthopaedic Surgeon: Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

Medscape Resource Center on Osteoporosis is a collection of the latest medical news and information on conditions associated with bone loss and fracture.

Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

The Physician's Guide was developed by NOF to help health care professionals make decisions about patient care, and is the only comprehensive evidence-based guideline of its kind.

The NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases~National Resource Center (NIH ORBD~NRC) provides information to health care professionals, patients and the public about metabolic bone diseases.

American College of Rheumatology Guidelines

Four images and accompanying text compare normal bone with bone affected by osteoporosis. Creighton University Medical Center.