The Knee Society rating system was first promulgated during the late 1980's and has become the standard clinical evaluation system for reporting results for patients undergoing Total Knee Replacement. Most major journals strongly encourage that total knee manuscripts include Knee Society rating scores as part of the result section. The Knee Society System was a logical outgrowth of the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) Rating system of the 1970's. The HSS system, although widely used, combined an evaluation of both the operated knee and the patient's general function in one score. This at times was problematic. If a patient had no pain and excellent range of motion, however could not walk because of arthritis in the other leg, or from a chronic medical problem, the total score was artificially low. The Knee Society System separates findings in the operated knee with findings in the patient's function. As such the Knee Score is not artificially affected by comorbid conditions. The Knee Score consists of points given for pain, range of motion, and stability in both the coronal and sagittal planes, with deductions for fixed deformity, and extensor lag. The Function Score consists of points given for the ability to walk on level surfaces, and the ability to ascend and descend stairs, with deductions for the use of external supporting devices. The Knee Society Score is usually reported as the two scores, Knee Score and Function Score, rather than a summation score. There is, as well, a Knee Society Radiographic Evaluation system, however discrete points are not given for individual parameters on X Rays. Richard S. Laskin, MD

Study of 53 patients treated for medial compartment OA of the kee with high tibial osteotomy and Internal (Group A) or External (Group B) fixation. At 6 year follow-up Group B demonstrated better results. (full text)

Modern ACL reconstruction using Hamstrings. Diagrams and Video animation. Arthroscopic. Day case.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Authors - George El Rassi, MD Saint George University Hospital- Achrafieh-lebanon
J. Richard Bowen, MD Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, DE 19803-3607
The goals of this chapter are to describe the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of bipartite patella. Bipartite patella results from failure of fusion of an accessory ossification center which typically appears on radiographs between 8 and 12 years of age. Diagnosis is usually made by routine radiographic examination. The majority of individuals with bipartite patella are asymptomatic and often need no treatment. The initial treatment of a symptomatic patient is non-operative treatment. Surgical intervention is indicated after failure of non-operative treatment. Outline - I. Introduction II. Historical Perspective III. Anatomic and Physciologic Considerations V. Diagnosis and Recognition History and physical examination Imaging VI. Treatment Nonoperative Operative VII. Summary X. References

In reconstructing historical data, I have tried to clarify as much as possible the issues where no published data exists, or the contributors themselves are unable to verify the information. Wherever appropriate, references are provided for the reader’s edification. In formulating this history, I am aware that issues or persons may conceivably have been omitted. Perhaps I was not given the information; or I could not confirm the information in the literature; or the information was controversial. In the end, however, I, as narrator and compiler, must assume all responsibility for the contents herein, and I apologize for any errors or omissions. Each topic is listed with the significant contributors, design features, and year of contribution, acknowledging, whenever possible, unpublished documentation and records.
Chitranjan S. Ranawat, M.D. Lenox Hill Hospital Center for Total Joint Replacement New York, NY 10021

The Knee Society rating system was first promulgated during the late 1980's and has become the standard clinical evaluation system for reporting results for patients undergoing Total Knee Replacement. Most major journals strongly encourage that total knee manuscripts include Knee Society rating scores as part of the result section. This site shows how to take and measure the Xrays that form part of the scoring system

Goldmine of orthopaedic scores and scoring systems. 10 surgeon based and 20 patient based scoring systems for all regions of the musculoskeletal system. Includes: Harris Hip Score, Knee Society Score, Oxford Knee Score, WOMAC, Cincinatti Knee Score, Tegner Lysholm, American Foot & Ankle Score AFAS, UCLA Shoulder Rating Scale, Mayo Elbow Score, DASH (Disabilities of Arm Shoulder & Hand) and several more.

Introduction Total knee replacement in some form has been around for over 50 years. The complexities of the knee joint only began to be understood 30 years ago and because of this total knee replacement was initially not as successful as Sir John Charnley's artificial hip. However over the last twenty years there have been dramatic advancements in knowledge of knee mechanics that have led to modifications of design which appear to be durable. As with most techniques in modern medicine the envelope is constantly expanding so that more and more patients are receiving the benefits of total knee arthroplasty.

Archive Copy: 1999 Annual Meeting Scientific Program. New Approaches to the Treatment of Osteoarthritis: Oral Chondroitin Sulfate and Glucosamine, Hyalurocan Injections and Intra-Articular Polyurethane

Archive Copy - 1999 Annual Meeting Scientific Program. Avoidance and Treatment of Complications Primary and Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty

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THE SCREW-TAPE SYSTEM a new concept in hamstring graft fixation... Manufactured by Effica.C.D. (OWL ed)

Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

AAOS On-Line Service October 1995 Bulletin ACL Repair

Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics