Intoeing
Covers metatarsus adductus, internal tibial torsion, femoral anteversion, bow knees.

American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons (Podiatrists) Clinic Guidelines: Diagnosis and Treatment of Paediatric Flat Foot

Web site of a support group for this joint condition Patient Provider

SKEWFOOT IN CHILD WITH UNDIAGNOSED SKELETAL DYSPLASIA
This is a 6 year old white male, with an undiagnosed skeletal dysplasia, who has been followed for 5.5 yrs. Previous surgery includes bilateral femoral and tibial osteotomies for bilateral valgus deformities with good results. His foot deformity has never been treated with with casts or splints, but has worn AFO braces for persistent valgus hind foot deformities. Present exam reveals the following bilateral foot deformities.
1. hindfoot valgus of approx. 20-30 degrees
2. metatarsus adductus
3. prominence of the talar head in the medial arch with thickened callus over the bony prominence

CALCANEONAVICULAR COALITION
# HISTORY: The patient is a 13 year old white female with complaints of left foot pain. The pain has been present for approximately 2 years. There is no specific history of a traumatic event. The pain is primarily at the lateral aspect of the foot and is worse at the end of the day. The pain is somewhat relieved by rest. # PHYSICAL EXAM: The left foot is without swelling. It is tender in the anterolateral aspect of the foot. Ankle motion is normal. Subtalar motion is significantly limited. It is minimal, 10 degrees at most, and painful. The right foot has normal ankle and subtalar motion. The longitudinal arches are normal and symmetrical.

KÖHLER'S DISEASE OF THE TARSAL NAVICULAR Case Presentation -a 3 year old girl who presented to the Orthopaedic Clinic with a complaint of left foot pain exacerbated by bearing weight. Four weeks prior to this visit, the patient's 4 year old sister had jumped onto her left foot during play resulting in pain and an antalgic gait. She had no pain in the left foot prior to this episode. She was evaluated at an outside emergency room where radiographs were remarkable only for radiodensity and collapse of the tarsal navicular.

Congenital Vertical Talus. Account of the condition, its investigation and management.

Excision of Calcaneo-Navicular Bar for Painful Spasmodic Flat Foot Mitchell and Gibson JBJS 49-B (2): 281. (1967) (Full Text)

Flexible Flatfeet
Flatfeet are a great concern of many parents and because of its common occurrence, is a frequent question asked of pediatricians. Parental concern is often related to its cosmetic appearance. Most orthopedic surgeons consider it to be a normal variant.

Archive Copy 2004: Examination and assessment of Intoeing

Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
polydactyly in the foot usually involes a single duplication (hexadactyly)
- associated anomalies:
- duplications occur bilaterally in about 40-50% of patients, but often the duplications are not symmetric;
- polydactyly of hand occurs in about 1/3 of patients;
- syndactyly of the toes occurs in about 1/5 patients;
- Down's syndrome will be present in a minority of cases;

Acute Otitis Media