Achilles tendon rupture is a complete disruption of the Achilles tendon, observed most commonly in patients aged 30-50 years, usually occurring at a point 4-5 cm proximal to the calcaneus. This area above the calcaneus is the zone of poor blood flow in the tendon. Achilles tendonitis is inflammation of the tendon or paratenon, usually resulting from overuse associated with a change in playing surface, footwear, or intensity of an activity. Terminology used to describe this condition currently is subject to debate. Some evidence suggests that tendinopathy or tendinosis are better terms, as inflammation, suggested by the term tendonitis, may not play a key role in this process.
Synonyms and related keywords: Achilles tendon rupture, tendinopathy, tendinosis, Achilles overuse injuries
Saglimbeni & Fulmer 2007

The Achilles tendon is the largest tendon in the body. It must withstand great forces, especially during sporting exercises and pivoting. Pathology of the Achilles tendon is not well understood. Treatments can vary widely and are occasionally controversial, especially in relation to tendon rupture. Choices include a conservative approach versus open, mini-open, or percutaneous repair. This article highlights some of the basic aspects of tendon pathology, especially in regard to tendinosis and tendon failure. Part of the problem in defining Achilles tendon pathology is the confusing nomenclature, with authors using different words to describe the same pathology or using the same words to describe different aspects of the problem. The terms peritenonitis, peritendinitis, tendinitis, tendinosis, and tendinopathy are all interlinked in the literature.
Synonyms and related keywords: Achilles' tendon, Achilles tendinosis, peritenonitis, peritendinitis, tendinitis, tendinosis, tendinopathy, paratendinopathy, pantendinopathy, intratendinous inflammation, paratenon inflammation
Hargrove, McLean & Behn 2005

East Lancs Foot Hyperbook: Barrie & Wilson

Bicipital tendon injuries of the elbow most commonly occur in the dominant extremity of men aged 40-60 years. Injuries range from tendonitis to partial tears to complete ruptures. A rupture usually occurs at the insertion of the tendon to the radial tuberosity, resulting in pain and deformity about the elbow, as well as weakness, especially with supination. Most surgeons agree that the best results are obtained with early surgical intervention and reattachment of the tendon to the radial tuberosity.
Synonyms and related keywords: biceps tendon, distal biceps tendon, elbow tendon, bicipital tendonitis, bicipital tear, bicipital injury, elbow pain, elbow deformity, modified Boyd-Anderson incision
Author: John P Salvo, Jr, MD 2006

Bicipital tendinitis, or biceps tendinitis, is an inflammatory process of the long head of the biceps tendon and is a common cause of shoulder pain due to its position and function.1, 2, 3, 4 The tendon is exposed on the anterior shoulder as it passes through the humeral bicipital groove and inserts onto the superior aspect of the labrum of the glenohumeral joint. Disorders of the biceps tendon can result from impingement or as an isolated inflammatory injury. Other causes are secondary to compensation for rotator cuff disorders, labral tears, and intra-articular pathology.
Synonyms and related keywords: bicipital tendinitis, biceps tendinitis/tendonitis, attrition tendinitis/tendonitis of the biceps
Durham & Chambers 2008

Painter described calcification in the shoulder in 1907. Codman established that the calcification was within the tendons of the rotator cuff. Calcifying tendinitis of the shoulder is characterized by the presence of macroscopic deposits of hydroxyapatite (a crystalline calcium phosphate) in any tendon of the rotator cuff.1 This article addresses only calcifying tendinitis as it occurs in the shoulder.
Synonyms and related keywords: calcifying tendinitis, calcific tendinitis, calcified tendinitis, calcareous tendinitis, tendinosis calcarea, calcific tendinopathy
Anthony H Woodward, MD 2007

Hip and pelvis injuries represent 2-5% of all sports injuries. Among these injuries, groin pain is the most common finding. The most common sports-related injuries in the hip, pelvis, and thigh area are musculotendinous, (eg, quadriceps strain, adductor tendinitis) and, less commonly, iliopsoas tendinitis. Iliopsoas tendinitis and iliopsoas bursitis are closely interrelated because inflammation of one inevitably causes inflammation of the other, due to their close proximity. Therefore, these 2 conditions are essentially identical in terms of presentation and management.
In basic terms, iliopsoas tendonitis is an inflammation of the tendon or area surrounding the tendon. Major causes of iliopsoas tendinitis are acute trauma and overuse resulting from repetitive hip flexion.
Synonyms and related keywords: iliopsoas bursitis, iliopsoas syndrome, iliopsoas tendinitis, inflammation of the tendon, anterior hip pain, groin pain, rheumatoid arthritis
Garry & Walsh 2006

Blazina et al first used the term jumper's knee in 1973 to describe an insertional tendinopathy seen in skeletally mature athletes. Jumper's knee usually affects the attachment of the patellar tendon to the inferior patellar pole. The definition was subsequently widened to include tendinopathy of the attachment of the quadriceps tendon to the superior patellar pole or tendinopathy of the attachment of the patellar tendon to the anterior tuberosity of the tibia. The term jumper's knee implies functional stress overload due to jumping.
Synonyms and related keywords: jumper's knee, patellar tendinitis, patellar tendinosis, patellar tendinopathy, patellar apicitis, quadriceps tendinitis, infrapatellar tendinopathy
Hyman, Malanga & Alladin 2006

Runners and other endurance athletes often develop overuse injuries such as patellofemoral pain syndrome, iliotibial band friction syndrome, medial tibial stress syndrome, Achilles tendinopathy, plantar fasciitis, and/or lower extremity stress fractures. Relative rest and a program of rehabilitative exercise may be helpful for these injuries.
Medscape Medical News 2007

- inflammation of patellar tendon second to repetive trauma (jumping sports);
- seen in athletes involved in running, jumping, and kicking sports;
- Occurs usually in skeletally mature adults, Age range 16 to 40 years, males slightly> females
- excessive foot pronation and running hills can exacerbate these symptoms;
Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics

Sandy Kirkley 2000. Web Archive Copy. Last posted 2006

Medscape CME Release Date: January 28, 2008; Valid for credit through January 28, 2009 Credits Available Physicians - maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™ for physicians
From Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2008; 4(2):82-89 This article will review the molecular pathology of tendon, and discuss how this knowledge might provide potential new targets for the treatment of chronic tendinopathies.

March 5, 2008 — A new review published this week suggests that tendon impairments might be another side effect associated with the use of statins [1]. Published online February 29, 2008 in Arthritis & Rheumatism: Arthritis Care & Research, the review suggests that clinicians be aware of the possibility of tendon complications, including tendonitis and even tendon rupture, especially in patients who might be at higher risk of developing these side effects.

One Cause of Ankle Pain: Orthopaedic Grand Rounds Presentation, McMaster, 2005